Muhammad Ali Pasha is the founder of modern Egypt, he and his family ruled Egypt, He came to Egypt as an officer in the Turkish army in 1800
He rose to rule Egypt.
The first and most famous king of Egypt, born in Kavala in 1769, he was of Turkish origin and spoke Turkish, His father Ibrahim Agha, he trained in the European provinces of the Ottoman Empire so he had a lot of experience and political skills from the conflicts between the three empires that disputed control of the Balkans.
Muhammad Ali’s family was large, and he had a number of wives, and among the wives was Amina Nasrati, who was his first wife, and he had five children from her, including his successor, Ibrahim. There were many wives and there is no doubt that there were many other children. In reality.
He arrived in Egypt in 1800 in the Turkish army and quickly became ruler of Egypt and formed a royal family until King Ahmed Fouad II.
Napoleon invaded Egypt in 1798. Egypt was an Ottoman state at that time, and Napoleon defeated the Mamluk army in the Battle of the Pyramids. But a naval battle with the English on the Mediterranean coast in Egypt caused Napoleon to flee to France, which led to a power vacuum.
Muhammad Ali Pasha returned to Egypt accompanied by the army in 1801 to expel the French from Egypt. He participated in the conflicts between the French, the English, and the Ottomans. In the end, they expelled the French.
Muhammad Ali, an officer in the Albanian element, was able to intervene and control the failure of the Mamluks. He was subordinate to the Ottoman soldiers who were still in control of Cairo at that time. Muhammad Ali changed sides frequently, sometimes siding with the Mamluks against the Ottomans and other times siding with the Ottomans, who still controlled the country, which he achieved. There is no doubt that Napoleon made a major transformation, but not on this scale.
He appointed himself the Ottoman viceroy of Egypt in 1805, managed to assassinate three subsequent governors, and began his real campaign against the Mamluks in this year. The Mamluks tried to fight Muhammad Ali Pasha, and it was a great suffering for the Mamluks and a major setback for them.
During that conflict, the situation deteriorated, and Muhammad Ali was the main enemy of both the Ottomans and the Mamluks
He continued to rule Egypt until his death and had many accomplishments.
He fought the Greeks in the War of Independence at the request of Sultan Mahmoud II
But this did not go well for Muhammad Ali, and there is no doubt that a dispute occurred between him and Sultan Mahmud II. Mehmed Ali Pasha also built a naval fleet.
Great Britain, France and Russia decided to support the Greek revolutionaries and Mehmed Ali realized the danger of deploying his naval forces against the European fleet. Mehmed Ali Pasha would never again lead any military operation.
He tried hard to maintain power and spent years in power. He often confronted any aggression from the British who supported the Mamluks, but he quickly destroyed the Albanian soldiers and gained power and control over Egypt.
The Mamluks were the cause of many problems, but Muhammad Ali Pasha ended the Mamluks in one of the most famous massacres in history.
The Mamluks were invited to a feast of food, and their strength was exhausted, and the Mamluks were unable to escape.
The Mamluks participated in honoring Muhammad Ali in a military procession under the leadership of Shahin Bey
While the Mamluks were leaving the castle, the doors were closed and the Mamluks were surrounded with a detachment of Albanian soldiers.
Muhammad Ali divided the agricultural fields and abolished the land tenure system. He undertook three projects, and there is no doubt that he also established an independent office for Egyptian trade. Working on the irrigation system is considered one of Muhammad Ali’s greatest achievements.
He developed educated individuals, gave education his priority, and established schools, including the Engineer Khana School, Al-Alsun School, and the Accounting School. He founded the first Egyptian military schools.
In addition to Muhammad’s works and achievements, he developed the commercial system and paved roads and ports. In addition, he founded the Bank of Alexandria.
He built the Muhammad Ali Mosque, which is inside the Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi Citadel
He was well aware of the issues inherent in military caste systems such as the Mamluks.
Muhammad Ali was ill in 1848 and died in 1849, and Ibrahim Pasha was appointed as the new leader.
He is certainly the best ruler, even though he was not Egyptian. His achievements are still talked about in history.
